BUILDING ENVELOPE RETROFIT FOR ENERGY SAVINGS IN MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT HIGH-RISE OFFICES: A CALIBRATED ENERGY SIMULATION

With over a third of global energy used for building construction and operation, an optimum design envelopes is essential to improve the performance existing buildings. This study revealed that typical government high-rise office buildings in Malaysia have average Building Energy Intensity (BEI) 161 kWh/m2/year before any upgrading works on air-conditioning mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems were conducted. value higher than recommended Green Index (GBI) commercial (150 kWh/m2/year) Economic Planning Unit (EPU) standard public (140 kWh/m2/year). Therefore, this employed case approach combined with calibrated computer simulation determine optimal envelope retrofit strategies identify three levels interventions (minor, moderate major levels) corresponding reduction. A validated model representing was chosen as base evaluation studies. The effectiveness each level intervention its measures (ERMs) evaluated compared actual electricity bills. results showed all provided between 4% 7% savings annual consumption. proposed demonstrated compliance BEI benchmark margins GBI EPU standard, namely 116 (minor level), 113 (moderate 110 (major level).